The Extent to which Strategic Environmental Assessment...

1. Introduction Climate change the ‘wicked problem’ is continuously imposing significant threat to the nature as whole according to the recent projections (IPCC 2013; Bondeau et al. 2013). This anticipated hazard is unavoidable to some extent though the source of the problem (‘green house gas’ emission) is barred right now (IPCC 2014a). Combination of mitigation (reducing or capturing GHG) and adaptation effort has been suggested both in the short and long term to achieve the complementary advantage (i.e. cost) and to reduce the risk (IPCC 2014a; 2014b). Transportation, residential and business energy use and industrial sector is the major contributor of global GHG emission (EPA 2013). These three sectors are influenced actively by†¦show more content†¦Carbon dioxide concentration has increased by 40% since the pre-industrial times, largely from fossil fuel emissions and land use change emissions. Human intervention on the climate structure is unambiguous. Further emissions of greenhouse gases will cause further warming and changes in all components of the climate system. Most characteristics of climate change will continue for many centuries even if emissions are stopped totally at this point (IPCC 2013; Bondeau et al. 2013). 2.2 Mitigation Need ‘Mitigation is a human intervention to reduce the sources or enhance the sinks of greenhouse gases’ (IPCC 2014a). According to Fifth Assessment Report of IPCC (IPCC 2014a), technical and behavioural mitigation instrument for all transport modes, in addition new infrastructure and urban redevelopment investments could decrease final energy demand in 2050 by around 40% below the baseline. Integrated urban planning, transit-oriented development, compact urban form that supports cycling and walking, and new infrastructures such as high-speed rail systems that will reduce short-haul air travel demand, can play a vital role for emission reduction (IPCC 2014a); which can be guided at the very beginning of the policy and plan making through instruments like SEA. Moreover, the next two decades present a window of opportunity for mitigation in urban areas, as a significant segment of the world’s ‘transition/semi-urban’ areas will be urbanized during this period inShow MoreRelatedClimate Change and Disaster Risk Reduction6524 Words   |  27 PagesSeptember 2008 Climate Change and Disaster Risk Reduction Weather, climate and climate change Defining climate change For most people, the expression â€Å"climate change† means the alteration of the world’s climate that we humans are causing, through fossil fuel burning, clearing forests and other practices that increase the concentration of greenhouse gases (GHG)1 in the atmosphere. This is in line with the official definition by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) thatRead MoreEssay on Green Infrastructure4124 Words   |  17 Pagesis an  approach that communities can choose to maintain healthy waters,  provide  multiple  environmental  benefits  and support sustainable communities. Unlike  single-purpose  gray  stormwater infrastructure, which uses pipes to dispose of rainwater, green infrastructure uses vegetation and soil to manage rainwater where it falls. By weaving natural processes into the built environment, green infrastructure provides not only stormwater management, but also flood mitigation, air qu ality management, and muchRead MoreImpact of International Environmental Laws on Oil and Gas Production1993 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿Evaluation of the Impact of International Environmental Laws on Oil/Gas Production Background National oil companies (NOCs) are reported as having become key actors within, as well as shapers of the international oil market. (Chen, 2007, p.4) Chen additionally states that in consideration of the shadowing of geopolitics with geology a great many of the worlds primary basins are situated countries that have administrative capacity that is limited and governments that are highly authoritarianRead MoreBp Sustainability Essay28986 Words   |  116 PagesSustainability Review 2010 bp.com/sustainability 2 A letter from our group chief executive / 4 How BP is changing 6 Gulf of Mexico oil spill / 14 How we operate / 22 Energy future 30 Safety / 34 Environment / 38 Society Within hours of the Deepwater Horizon accident, BP teams were working to stop the leak. We also acted to minimize the spill’s impact on the environment by containing, removing and dispersing oil offshore, protecting the shoreline and cleaning up oil that came ashore. And weRead MoreRole of Communication Employee Involvement in the Process of an Organizational Change23165 Words   |  93 Pages1. INTRODUCTION amp; BACKGROUND 1.1. Introduction Change, in general, indicates any act of making something different. The factors that necessitate change in organizations are broadly categorized into people, technology, information processing and communication, and competition. Some changes in the organization occur suddenly without the conscious efforts of the people. These are called unplanned changes. On the other hand, some changes are initiated by the management to accomplish certain goalsRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 Pagesactivities 9.1.2. Responsibility matrixes 10.1 Communication planning (.2.3.4) [App. G-4] Chapter 12 Outsourcing 12.1.1 Procurement requirements [G.8] 12.1.2.3 Contract types 9.4.2.3 Conflict management 12.2.7 The art of negotiating 12.2.3.5 Change requests Chapter 13 Monitoring Progress Chapter 5 Estimating Times and Costs 6.4 Activity duration estimates (.3) 6.4.2 Estimating tools (.1.3.4) 6.3.1 Identifying resources 7.1 Activity cost estimates (.2.3.4.5) 5.1.2.4 Delphi method Read MoreAnz Bank142091 Words   |  569 Pages2014 ANNUAL REPORT Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited ABN 11 005 357 522 This Annual Report (Report) has been prepared for Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited (â€Å"the Company†) together with its subsidiaries which are variously described as: †ANZ†, â€Å"Group†, â€Å"ANZ Group†, â€Å"the Bank†, â€Å"us†, â€Å"we† or â€Å"our†. ANZ ANNUAL REPORT 2014 ANZ IS EXECUTING A FOCUSED STRATEGY TO BUILD THE BEST CONNECTED, MOST RESPECTED BANK ACROSS THE ASIA PACIFIC REGION WHO WE ARE AND HOWRead MoreAn Evaluation of an on-Farm Food Safety Program for Ontario Greenhouse Vegetable Producers; a Global Blueprint for Fruit and Vegetable Producers51659 Words   |  207 Pagesidentified included: perceived costs of participation, the priority of food safety management; and, management/employee relationships. Effective implementation was size-neutral and value was obtained through market access. Produce industry stakeholders can apply the results of this research and create a template to be used in similar extension activities. Acknowledgements For the past four years of my life, food safety conversations followed me wherever I go. I ve discussed it at the dinner tableRead MoreI Love Reading Essay69689 Words   |  279 Pagesincentives for states, ensuring performance-based training and assessment, re-branding, certiï ¬ cation, encouraging learning-by-doing, incentivizing English speaking skills, ensuring ï ¬â€šexibility of VET alongside the higher education stream, for easier crossover and choice, as critical success factors. Economic liberalization has been a key catalyst to encourage Entrepreneurship. There are a number of initiatives at the central and state levels which aim to improve the ease of doing business. In fact, the ‘DoingRead MoreToyota Supply Chain78751 Words   |  316 PagesSUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT A STRATEGIC APPROACH TO THE PRINCIPLES OF TOYOTA’S RENOWNED SYSTEM ANANTH V. IYER SRIDHAR SESHADRI ROY VASHER New York Chicago San Francisco Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan New Delhi San Juan Seoul Singapore Sydney Toronto Copyright  © 2009 by Ananth V. Iyer, Sridhar Seshadri, and Roy Vasher. All rights reserved. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or